Dr. Maksim GONCHAROV, MD, PhD, psychiatrist, psychotherapist
Board member of the World Association of Positive Psychotherapy (WAPP)
Abstract
Most examples of countertransference found in literature, refer to the perceived emotional reactions of the therapist, and unconscious components are considered in terms of transitory „blind spots”, which may be worked through by gaining awareness of the emotional reactions. Previously, the term „countertransference”, as psychoanalytic in origin, used primarily by psychoanalysts. However, now it is recognized by many schools of psychotherapy and applied much more widely. Today there are two opposite approaches to the concept of countertransference. The first approach can be called „classical.” It is characterized by the concept of countertransference, regarded as an unconscious reaction of the psychoanalyst to the transference of the patient. The second approach is called „holistic». In it’s light the countertransference is a common emotional reactions of the therapist to the patient in the treatment situation. Despite the fact that the concept of transference and countertransference is about 100 years, the operationalization of these phenomena remains largely insufficient. In our work of the analysis of countertransference, we rely on the theoretical concepts borrowed from Positive Psychotherapy after Nossrat Peseschkian (1968). According to his concepts, there are four channels to investigate the reality:
- By means of feelings (emotions, feelings);
- By means of reason (thoughts, impulses);
- By means of tradition (associations, memories);
- By means of intuition (imagination, fears, expectations).
Keywords:
countertransference, operationalization, positive psychotherapy, balance model.
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